تغییرات تناسب اقلیمی مناطق مختلف استان آذربایجان‌شرقی برای کشت محصولات راهبردی گندم و جو در دهه‌های اخیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.

چکیده

توجه به تناسب اقلیمی در تعیین الگوی کشت، عاملی اساسی در تضمین امنیت غذایی است. در این راستا تناسب اقلیمی مناطق مختلف استان آذربایجان‌شرقی طی چهار دهه 1360 تا 1390 برای کشت گیاهان راهبردی گندم و جو ارزیابی شد. جداسازی واحدهای اراضی بر مبنای محدوده تحت پوشش ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی فعال درهر دهه به روش تیسن صورت گرفت. ارزیابی تناسب اقلیم برای کشت دیم و آبی گندم و جو با توجه به نیازهای اقلیمی آنها با استفاده از روش پارامتریک ریشه دوم انجام شد. نتایج نشانگر کلاس تناسب اقلیم خیلی مناسب در هر چهار دهه برای کشت آبی هر دو محصول در سطح استان بود، در حالی‌که برای کشت دیم این محصولات به‌دلیل محدودیت‌های اقلیمی، کلاس‌های تناسب متفاوتی از وضعیت متوسط تا نامناسب در نواحی و دهه‌های مختلف تعیین گردید که می‌تواند ناشی از نوسانات اقلیمی در منطقه باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد تنزل مطلوبیت اقلیمی لزوماً باعث کاهش عملکرد نمی‌شود زیرا ترکیب عوامل کمتر مساعد اقلیمی و اثرات متقابل آنها ممکن است با تغییر طول دوره رشد و بهره‌گیری از فناوری‌های نو جبران شود. ارائه الگوی کشت بهینه و جایگزینی گندم دیم با جو دیم براساس تأثیرپذیری تناسب اقلیم اراضی از نوسانات اقلیمی از دیگر نتایج قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Climate suitability changes of East Azerbaijan province for strategic crops of Wheat and Barley cultivation in recent decades

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sabouha Pournaji Iran 1
  • Hossein Rezaei 2
  • Aliasghar Jafarzadeh 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Soil Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz- Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Soil Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz- Iran
3 Professor, Soil Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz- Iran
چکیده [English]

Considering the climate suitability in cropping pattern selection is vital in maintaining food security. In this study, the climate suitability of East Azerbaijan Province, north east of Iran, for the cultivation of strategic crops of wheat and barley during four decades 1980 to 2000s was evaluated. Land units were classified based on the covered area of each synoptic weather station using Thiessen method. Climate suitability for rainfed and irrigated wheat and barley was evaluated according to their climatic requirements using the square root-parametric method. Results revealed that during the recent four decades, the climate suitability class for irrigated studied crops was very suitable across the province, but in case of rainfed cultivation, various suitability classes including moderate to unsuitable were observed in different regions. The results confirmed that despite of some unfavorable effects of climate change on suitability of region for both crops cultivation, these impacts might be compensated, to some extent, by technology or management improvements. According to this study, determination of an optimum cropping pattern, adjusting agronomic practices and changing of rainfed wheat to barley in this province may be recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate Change
  • Cropping Pattern
  • Food Security
  • Climatic
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