هواشناسی کشاورزی

هواشناسی کشاورزی

ارزیابی تأثیر توامان سایه­دهی و تنش خشکی بر بهره­وری آب و عملکرد کمی و کیفی سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه هواشناسی کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری هواشناسی کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران.
3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد تولیدات محصولات گلخانه ای، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،
چکیده
با کاهش فراهمی آب ناشی از پیامدهای گرمایش جهانی و ضرورت افزایش بهره وری آب، استفاده از فناوری‌های کاربردی مانند پوشش‌های توری جهت سایه اندازی موضوع مطالعات متعددی بوده است . در این پژوهش، طرح آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1403 در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران تحت تیمارهای مختلف سایه­دهی (بدون سایه­دهی، 80 (SH-80)، 50 (SH-50) و 30 (SH-30)درصد گذرایی نور) و تنش خشکی (بدون تنش، NDS)، (قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، DSF) و (قطع آبیاری در مرحله غلاف­دهی، DSP) انجام شد. بر پایه یافته­ها، اثر متقابل سایه دهی و تنش خشکی در صفات تعداد غلاف، تعداد غلاف پوک، تک دانه، دو دانه، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه بسیار معنی دار شد(P ≤ 0.01). بطوریکه در ترکیب تیماری SH-30 و NDS، بیشترین میانگین تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب با 1/79، 7/16 گرم و 2/1170 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان فعالیت کلروفیلa و b مربوط به ترکیب تیماری SH-30 و NDS به ترتیب با 9/0 و 33/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین بهره‌وری آب ) (WPI در ترکیب تیماری SH-50 و DSF، و بهره‌وری آب بر اساس تبخیر-تعرق ((WPET در ترکیب تیماری SH-30 و NDS به ترتیب با 4/2 و 8/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب مشاهده شد. درمجموع به‌ کارگیری روش سایه‌دهی در شرایط بدون تنش، ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی سویا را افزایش داد. در نتیجه، استفاده از پوشش های توری SH-30 و SH-50 برای تعدیل اثرات نامطلوب تنش خشکی توصیه می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of the Combined Effects of Shading and Drought Stress on Water Productivity and Yield of Soybean

نویسندگان English

Saeid Shiukhy Soqanloo 1
Bahareh Shamgani Mashhadi 2
Sahar Batebi 3
Saviz Batebi 3
1 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Meteorology, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Ph.D. candidate of Agro-Meteorology, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran
3 Graduate student of Science in Greenhouse Crop Production, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده English

As a result of global warming and water availability reduction, application of new applied technologies such as shading nets have been widely studies in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different shading levels and drought stress on soybean yield. A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2024 growing season at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran. The treatments included four shading levels (0 (control), 80% (SH-80), 50% (SH-50), and 30% (SH-30) light transmission) and three drought stress levels (no stress (NDS), irrigation withheld at flowering stage (DSF), and irrigation withheld at pod development stage (DSP)). The interaction between shading and drought stress significantly influenced key agronomic traits, including the number of pods per plant, number of empty pods, 1-seed and 2-seed occurrence, 100-seed weight, and grain yield (P ≤ 0.01). The combination of SH-30 and NDS resulted in the highest pod number (79.1), hundred-seed weight (16.7 g), and grain yield (1170.2 kg/ha). Moreover, the greatest chlorophyll a and b content (0.9 and 0.33 mg.g-1, respectively) was observed under the same treatment. Additionally, the highest water productivity index (WPI) was recorded under SH-50 and DSF treatments (2.4 kg.m-³), while the highest water productivity of evapotranspiration (WPET) was achieved with SH-30 and NDS treatments (1.8 kg.m-³). Overall, the findings revealed that applying shading nets, particularly SH-30 and SH-50, can enhance soybean yield and physiological yield under both normal and drought-stressed conditions. Therefore, the use of shading nets can be recommended as an effective strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on soybean growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biomass
chlorophyll
flowering pod number
water productivity
Asadi, P. Moradi, H., Shiukhy Soqanloo, S. 2025. Evaluation of the precise irrigation management and potassium silicate application effects on the quantitative and qualitative yield of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Water management in agriculture, 2(24), 147-162. (In Farsi)##Asghar, M.A., Heng-ke, J., Zhao-wei S., Xi-yu, C., Xi-yu, H., Imran, B., Ahmad, B., Hao, Z., Yue-ning, Y., Jing, SH., Hui, Y., Liang, Y., Chun-yan, L., Wen-yu, Y., Xin, S and Jun-bo, D. 2021. Interactive effect of shade and PEG induced osmotic stress on physiological responses of soybean seedlings. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20 (9), 2382-2394.##Basal, O., Szabó, A. 2020. Physiology, yield and quality of soybean as affected by drought stress. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8, 247-252.##Caron, B. O., Sgarbossa, J., Schwerz, F., Elli, E. F., Eloy, E., Behling, A. 2018. Dynamics of solar radiation and soybean yield in agroforestry systems. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90 (4), 3799-3812.##Carter, G. A., Knapp, A. K. 2001. Leaf optical properties in higher plants: Linking spectral characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. American Journal of Botany, 88 (4), 677-684.##Contin, D. R., Soriani, H. H., Hernandez, I., Furriel, R. P. M., Munne-Bosch, S., Martinez, C. A. 2014. Antioxidant and photoprotective defenses in response to gradual water stress under low and high irradiance in two Malvaceae tree species used for tropical forest restoration. Trees, 28, 1705-1722.##Ebrahimirad, H., Amiri, E., Babazadeh, H., Sedghi, H. 2018. Calibration and evaluation of Ceres-Rice model under different density and water managements. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16 (5), 6469-6482.##Emami Bistagani, Z. Bakhshandeh, A.M. 2021, Physiology of Environmental Stresses in Medicinal Plants, Education Publishing House (Agricultural Education and Extension Institute), 444p.##Fan, Y., Chen, J., Cheng, Y., Raza, M. A., Wu, X., Wang, Z., Yang, F. 2018. Effect of shading and light recovery on the growth, leaf structure, and photosynthetic performance of soybean in a maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping system. PloS one, 13 (5), e0198159.##Fan, Y., Chen, J., Wang, Z., Tan, T., Li, S., Li, J., Yang, F. 2019. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seedlings response to shading: Leaf structure, photosynthesis and proteomic analysis. BMC Plant Biology, 19, 1-12.##Gao, J., Liu, Z., Zhao, B., Dong, S., Liu, P., Zhang, J. 2020. Shade stress decreased maize grain yield, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation. Agronomy Journal, 112 (4), 2768-2776.‏##Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Bakhshy, J., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Moghaddam, M. 2013. Changes in leaf characteristics and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to shading and water stress. International Journal of Biosciences, 3 (2), 71-79.##He, J., Du, Y. L., Wang, T., Turner, N. C., Yang, R. P., Jin, Y., Xi, Y., Zhang, C., Cui, T., Fang, X. W. 2017. Conserved water use improves the yield performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 236-245.##Jahanbakhsh, S., Moradi, R., khajoei-Nejad, G., Naghizadeh, M. 2020. Effect of planting date, drought stress and salicylic acid on yield and biochemical characteristics of quinoa. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 51 (4), 55-71. (In Farsi)##Jianguo, Q.L., Simin, S., Lin, Y., Mingiun, LI, Fengwang, M.A and Yangjun, ZOU. 2018. Potassium uptake and transport in apple roots under drought stress. Horticultutal plants journal.##Khalid, M. H. B., Raza, M. A., Yu, H. Q., Sun, F. A., Zhang, Y. Y., Lu, F. Z., Li, W. C. 2019. Effect of shade treatments on morphology, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.). Applied Ecology Environmental Research, 17 (2), 2551; 2569.##Li, Y., Jeyaraj, A., Yu, H., Wang, Y., Ma, Q., Chen, X., Li, X. (2020). Metabolic regulation profiling of carbon and nitrogen in tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] in response to shading. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 68 (4), 961-974.##Luo, K., Yuan, X., Xie, C., Liu, S., Chen, P., Du, Q., Yang, W. 2022. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate increase relay strip intercropping soybean grain by optimizing photosynthesis aera and delaying leaf senescence. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12.##Ma, Y., Bao, Y., Zhang, W., Ying, X., Stien, D. 2020. Four lignans from Portulaca oleracea L. and its antioxidant activities. Natural product research, 34 (16), 2276-2282.##Morshadloo, M.R., Salami, A., Nazeri, V., and Kriker, L. 2015. Phytochemical, physiological, and expression evaluation of some genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites in marjoram (Origanum vulgare L.) under water stress conditions. PhD thesis, University of Tehran. 300 pages. (In Farsi)##Nargund, R., Bhatia, V. S., Sinha, N. K., Mohanty, M., Jayaraman, S., Dang, Y. P., Dalal, R. C. 2024. Assessing soybean yield potential and yield gap in different agroecological regions of India using the DSSAT model. Agronomy, 14 (9), 1929.##Nazir, F., Peter, P., Gupta, R., Kumari, S., Nawaz, K., Khan, M. I. R. 2024. Plant hormone ethylene: A leading edge in conferring drought stress tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum, 176 (1), e14151.‏##Nehbandani, A., Soltani, A., Hajjarpoor, A., Dadrasi, A., Nourbakhsh, F. 2020. Comprehensive yield gap analysis and optimizing agronomy practices of soybean in Iran. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 158 (8-9), 739-747.##Oguz, M. C., Aycan, M., Oguz, E., Poyraz, I., Yildiz, M. 2022. Drought stress tolerance in plants: Interplay of molecular, biochemical and physiological responses in important development stages. Physiologia, 2 (4), 180-197.‏##Prasad, P. V. V., Staggenborg, S. A., Ristic, Z. 2008. Impacts of drought and/or heat stress on physiological, developmental, growth, and yield processes of crop plants. Response of Crops to Limited Water: Understanding and Modeling Water Stress Effects on Plant Growth Processes, 1, 301-355.##Rezaei, E. E., Webber, H., Asseng, S., Boote, K., Durand, J. L., Ewert, F., MacCarthy, D. S. 2023. Climate change impacts on crop yields. Nature reviews earth environment, 4 (12), 831-846.‏##Roshdi, F., Movahhedi Dehnav, M., Salehi, A., Balochi, H. R. 2023. Morphophysiological responses and nutrient uptake of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) to the application of biofertilizers and methyl jasmonate under drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Biological Sciences, 15 (4), 97-132. (In Farsi)##Santachiara, G., Salvagiotti, F., Rotundo, J. L. 2019. Nutritional and environmental effects on biological nitrogen fixation in soybean: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 240, 106-115.##Satari Yuzbashkandi, S., Khalilian, S. 2020. On projecting climate change impacts on soybean yield in Iran: An econometric approach. Environmental Processes, 7, 73-87.##Shamgani-Mashhadi, B., Nadi, M., Darzi-Naftchali, A., Soqanloo, S. S. 2024. Improving sustainability of rice-canola rotation through water and nitrogen management in a humid region. Agricultural Water Management, 305, 109106.##Shamsabadi, V., Banjad, H., Ansari, H., and Nemati, S.H. 2013. Investigating Influence Drought Stress and Salinity Stress on Photosynthetic Pigments and Concentration of Elements of Mentha Piperita L in Condition Selenium. Water Management in Agriculture, 1 (10), 95-110. (In Farsi)##Shiukhy Soqanloo, S., Gholami Sefidkouhi, M., Aref Rad, M. 2025. Evaluation of physiological response and growth parameters of Soybean to combined effects of drought stress and irrigation management. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 12 (2): 62-74. (In Farsi)##Shiukhy Soqanloo, S., Gholami, M.A., Ghasemi, Y. 2023. Effect of water stress and urban wastewater on the heavy metals concentration, yield and quality of basil. Journal of Horticultural Science, 37 (3), 723-739. (In Farsi).##Shiukhy-Soqanloo, S., Gholami Sefidkouhi, M. A., Arefrad, M. 2024. Evaluation of The Water Stress and Irrigation Management Effects on Soil CO2 Emission, Water Productivity and Soybean Yield (Glycine max L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 22 (3), 343-357. (In Farsi)##Tian, X., Dong, J., Jin, S., He, H., Yin, H., Chen, X. 2023. Climate change impacts on regional agricultural irrigation water use in semi-arid environments. Agricultural Water Management, 281, 108239.##Tibolla, L. B., Schwerz, F., Sgarbossa, J., Elli, E. F., Nardini, C., Medeiros, S. L. P., Caron, B. O. 2019. Effect of artificial shading on soybean growth and yield. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 14 (4), 1-7.##Wang, C., Xu, M., Wang, Y., Batchelor, W. D., Zhang, J., Kuai, J., Ling, L. 2022. Long-term optimal management of rapeseed cultivation simulated with the CROPGRO-canola model. Agronomy, 12 (5), 1191.##Wang, S., Xiong, J., Yang, B., Yang, X., Du, T., Steenhuis, T. S., Kang, S. 2023. Diversified crop rotations reduce groundwater use and enhance system resilience. Agricultural Water Management, 276, 108067.##Waqas, M. M., Shah, S. H. H., Awan, U. K., Waseem, M., Ahmad, I., Fahad, M., Ali, S. 2020. ##Evaluating the impact of climate change on water productivity of maize in the semi-arid environment of Punjab, Pakistan. Sustainability, 12 (9), 3905.##Xu, R., Li, Y., Guan, K., Zhao, L., Peng, B., Miao, C., Fu, B. 2022. Divergent responses of maize yield to precipitation in the United States. Environmental Research Letters, 17 (1), 014016.##Yan, C. J., Wang, W. B., Tu, X. J., Wang, C. L., Zhang, L. J., Du, Q., Song, S. H. 2013. Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on yield and root characteristics of soybean. Soybean Science, 1, 59-67.##Yang, F., Liao, D., Wu, X., Gao, R., Fan, Y., Raza, M. A., Yang, W. 2017. Effect of aboveground and belowground interactions on the intercrop yields in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems. Field Crops Research, 203, 16-23.##Yang, L., Liu, H., Tang, X., Li, L. 2022. Tomato evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and irrigation water use efficiency in the winter period in a sunken Chinese solar greenhouse. Water, 14 (15), 2410.‏##Yari Kamrani, L., Ghobadi, M. E., Ghobadi, M., Jalali Honarmand, S. 2014. Investigation of the effect of shading on the chlorophyll status in different stages of chickpea growth, 13th Iranian Conference on Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding and 3rd Iranian Conference on Seed Science and Technology, Karaj. (In Farsi)##Zainali, S., Lu, S. M., Stridh, B., Avelin, A., Amaducci, S., Colauzzi, M., Campana, P. E. 2023. Direct and diffuse shading factors modelling for the most representative agrivoltaic system layouts. Applied Energy, 339, 120981.##Zaman, S., Shen, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Ding, Z., Song, D. Wang, M. 2022. Effects of shading nets on reactive oxygen species accumulation, photosynthetic changes, and associated physiochemical attributes in promoting cold-Induced damage in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Horticulturae, 8 (7), 637.‏##Zegaoui, Z., Planchais, S., Cabassa, C., Djebba, R., Belbachir, O. A., Carol, P. 2017. Variation in relative water content, proline accumulation and stress gene expression in two cowpea landraces under drought Journal of Plant Physiology. 218: 26-34.##Zhang, Y., Yu, S. H. I., Gong, H. J., Zhao, H. L., Li, H. L., Hu, Y. H., Wang, Y. C. (2018). Beneficial effects of silicon on photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under water stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17 (10), 2151-2159##