هواشناسی کشاورزی

هواشناسی کشاورزی

برآورد نیاز سرمایی لازم برای باز شدن جوانه چهار رقم پسته دراستان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مریم سلاجقه 1
محمد موسوی بایگی 2
امین علیزاده 2
ابراهیم اسعدی اسکویی 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری هواشناسی کشاورزی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 استادیار پژوهشکده اقلیم شناسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
10.22125/agmj.2023.391822.1148
چکیده
تأمین نیاز سرمایی بعنوان مهمترین عامل در خاتمه رکود زمستانه و آغاز باز شدن جوانه­ها در درختان پسته نقش مهمی در ارزیابی ریسک پدیدهای زیانبار و مدیریت زمان عملیات در باغ‌ها دارد. در این پژوهش، مراحل فنولوژی چهار رقم پسته شامل اکبری، کله قوچی، احمدآقایی و فندقی در سال­های زراعی 1397 تا 1400 در شهرستان­های کرمان، انار، زرند، رفسنجان، سیرجان و شهربابک دراستان کرمان ثبت گردید و نیاز سرمایی به سه روش­ محاسبه شد. با توجه به محاسبات، رقم احمدآقایی با تاًمین 59 واحد سرمایی به روش دینامیکی، میزان 945 ساعت به روش یوتا و 803 ساعت به روش ساعات سرمایی، رقم اکبری با تاًمین 55 واحد سرمایی به روش دینامیکی، میزان 786 ساعت به روش یوتا و 838 ساعت به روش ساعات سرمایی، رقم فندقی با 58 واحد سرمایی به روش دینامیکی، میزان 890 ساعت به روش یوتا و 942 ساعت به روش ساعات سرمایی و رقم کله قوچی با 58 واحد سرمایی به روش دینامیکی، میزان 889 ساعت به روش یوتا و940 ساعت به روش ساعات سرمایی وارد مرحله باز شدن جوانه می­شوند. نتایج نشان داد در مرحله باز شدن جوانه، پیش‌بینی زمانی مدل دینامیکی نسبت به دو مدل دیگر همبستگی بیشتری (R=0.2) با رخداد مشاهداتی و تغییرپذیری کمتری دارد و می‌تواند بعنوان گزینه ارجح پیشنهاد گردد. آغاز این مرحله فنولوژیکی با توجه به رقم، خصوصیات اقلیمی و توپوگرافی هر منطقه، متفاوت می­باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بازشدن جوانه
روش یوتا
مدل ساعات سرمایی
مراحل فنولوژی
مدل دینامیکی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Estimation of the required chill units for bud break of four pistachio cultivars in Kerman province

نویسندگان English

maryam salajegheh 1
M. Mousavi Baygi 2
Amin Alizadeh 2
ابراهیم اسعدی اسکویی 3
1 Ph. D Student of Agrometeorology, Water Sciences and Engineering, Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Water Sciences and Engineering, Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Assisstant Professor, Atmospheric Science and Meteorology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Adequate winter chilling is required for release from dormancy and regular bud break of pistachio trees. Determination of chilling requirement is important in evaluation of frost damage risk at critical phenological stages and also agronomic practices management. In this study, the phenological stages of four pistachio cultivars, including Akbari, Kaleh Ghouchi, Ahmad Aghaei and Fandoghi, were observed and recorded during four consecutive years of 2018 to 2022 in Kerman, Anar, Zarand, Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Shahrbabak regions across of Kerman Province, south of Iran. The accumulated chilling requirements (chill units) were calculated using three different methods. According to the calculations, for Ahmad Aghaei's cultivar the required chill units for bud break were 59,945,803 the dynamic method, Utah model and chill hours model, respectively. These amounts for Akbari cultivar were 55,786 and 838 respectively. The corresponding CUs for Fandoghi cultivar were, 58 890 and 942 hours. The calculated values for KaleGouchi variety were 58,889 and 940 hours. The results showed that dynamic model did a better job in prediction of bud break onset at with higher correlation (R=0.2) and less variability comparing to the other two models. Therefore, this model can be recommended for prediction of the beginning the budbreak of pistachio trees in the region. The bud break phenological stage may vary according to the variety, climatic conditions and topography of each region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Bud break
Utah method
Chill hours model
Dynamic model
phenological stages
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